SM: A few basic
RHETORICAL FORMSdescription- the wish to make the reader perceive something. writing that depicts persons, places, or things.
exposition- the wish to inform the reader. clarifies or explains a subject.
narration- the wish to make the reader grasp the movement of an event. storytelling.
dramatization- direct representation of a story. a play. it's more direct. literally acting out a story
argument- the wish to make the reader change his mind or attitude. includes justification of view.
plot- the author's planned organization of events of a story . it has an implied opinion and perspective.
"a story's organization is essentially the author guiding the reader through the solution of the problem that the narrative presents." Aristotle says in his work "the poetics" that plot [a key element driving a narrative] in an imitation of action that has a beginning middle and end. Freytag made up a triangle that discusses how the interest of the reader rises to the climax of the story then the interest decreases later. there can be all kinds of plots.
Conflict- internal or external
person vs self
person vs person
person v society
person vs nature
person vs supernatural
person vs machine
Christian Metz
-Narrative has a beginning and an ending, (this separates it out as an experience or artifact from the rest of our lives.)
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temporal sequence; a linear string of events, images, or words. temporal=of time
-it is "doubly temporal" in that there is the time of the thing told, and the time of the telling.
-The "event" is the basic unit of the narrative. a sentence is the linguistic equivalent of a narrative event. (a word is not a narrative)
-says an image (film image is this example) is equivalent to a sentence, not just a word, so an image is narrative
film is comprised of a setting character, and plot that changes over time.
there are 3 aspects of time in film that function on three different levels.
-mese-en-scene-French theater term, literally translated, meaning "putting into the scene" or "setting in scene." It refers to everything appearing in the camera's frame--sets, props, actors, costumes, and lighting. it also refers to the visual style of the elements within the shot, camera angle and composition.
-temporal structures-provide a basic sense of a cohesive whole built up over time. three building blocks are motion, duration, and transition. Temporal=of or relating to time. Motion= a state of progression from one place to another. a change of position with respect to time. a change from one place to another.
-camera still & subject moving
-camera moving & subject still
-camera moving & subject moving
-narrative structure-decisions about how time flows through the narrative as a whole. achieved primarily through editing together of various scenes.
-duration-amount of time a particular time interval
-transition-the process of change from one form, state, style or place to another.
the duration of a shot, the motion occurring within a shot, or the transition from one object in a shot to another is what provides the basic sense of time passage for viewers.
VL: Notes: RHETORIC- art of persuasive speaking or writing.
rhetroical give us a larger impact and resonance
IT'S NOT JUST WHAT YOU SAY BUT HOW YOU SAY IT!!!!!
should be customized for the specified audience.
kairos is the skill of accessing the audience and changing your tone
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rhetorical deviceRHETORICAL DEVICES, TROPES, FIGURESs/
Personification-adding human qualities to inanimate object or institutions. the qualities can include emotions desires sensations physical gestures and speech.....
hyperbole-exaggeration of an object beyond its natural and proper dimentions for emphasis. an image can exaggerate size or ability to greater or smaller degrees than found in reality.
pun- play on words. a word that sounds similar to another but has different meaning. likewise a visual pun is an image that is visually similar to another. substitution of similar forms, meanings or sounds. one symbol can have multiple meanings or multiple symbols can have similar meaning.
antithesis- 2 contradicting ideas for emphasis, or to intensify differences.
Irony- expression that conveys a meaning opposite to its literal meaning. deliberate contrast for unexpected or sarcastic intent.
metonymy- using an indexical image of one thing (usually a simplification) to stand for another thing (usually more complex). replacement of one sign by another that has close association.
synecdoche- a part used to represent a whole or the whole representing the part.
metaphor- comparison of 2 things that are not alike. "the ___ is a _____." points out resemblance but by substitution.
allegory- a literal concrete device symbolizes and abstract idea or principle. like a metaphor, but the underlying meaning has more moral, social, religious or political significance.
parody- imitation of another work with humorous, ironic, or satirical intent.
SEMIOTICS!!! the study of signs... signified and signifier---- signified is the thing indicated by the signifier. it is the mental picture. it varies but can stabilize with habit.
